Amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli is influenced by oral contraceptive use

The amygdala is a highly interconnected region of the brain that is critically important to emotional processing and affective networks. Previous studies have shown that the response of the amygdala to emotionally arousing stimuli can be modulated by sex hormones. Because oral contraceptive pills dramatically lower circulating sex hormone levels with potent analogs of those hormones, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to measure amygdala reactivity in response to emotional stimuli in women using oral contraceptives, and compared their amygdala reactivity with that of naturally cycling women. Here, we show that women who use oral contraceptive pills have significantly decreased bilateral amygdala reactivity in response to negatively valenced, emotionally arousing stimuli compared with naturally cycling women. We suggest that by modulating amygdala reactivity, oral contraceptive pills may influence behaviors that have previously been shown to be amygdala dependent—in particular, emotional memory.     

Imbalance of T‐helper 17 and regulatory T cells in patients with alopecia areata

There is mounting evidence that T helper (Th)17 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) play parts in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Hence, levels of these T‐cell subsets in patients with alopecia areata (AA) merit investigation. Our goal was to assess Th17 and Treg levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and scalp lesions of patients with AA, correlating the findings with clinical characteristics. PBMC of 177 patients with AA (test group) and 42 healthy controls and scalp tissues of 33 patients and 15 healthy controls were collected. Levels of Th17 and Treg subsets were then determined via flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining, correlating results in test subjects with clinical features of AA. Th17 levels were significantly higher in patients, whereas Treg levels were lower by comparison. Furthermore, Th17 levels in patients with disease of short duration or in the active phase were significantly higher, relative to their respective counterparts. Th17 levels also negatively correlated with disease duration. While Treg levels were higher in severe AA than in mild AA. Results of lesions were parallel to findings of PBMC. Our data indicates an imbalance in the immune state of patients with AA.     

健康教育在白血病护理中的应用效果

目的评价血液科白血病疾病护理中应用健康教育的临床效果,为白血病护理工作提供参考。方法选择医院收治的白血病患者,总计60例。进行白血病患者随机分组护理,对照组与试验组各30例白血病患者,分别采取常规护理和常规护理+健康教育,比较2组白血病患者的负性情绪、自我效能状况评分以及护理满意度、护理依从率。结果试验组白血病患者干预后SAS、SDS、GSES评分均明显优于对照组,护理满意度与护理依从率均明显高于对照组,指标差异具有统计学意义,P>0.05。结论血液科白血病治疗期间配合落实常规护理、健康教育可以在提高患者自我效能的同时提高患者的依从性,符合患者身心护理需求,整体护理效果显著。     

以格林模式为指导的健康宣教对尖锐湿疣患者情绪及自我效能的影响

目的探讨以格林模式为指导的健康宣教对尖锐湿疣患者情绪及自我效能的干预作用。方法将220例尖锐湿疣患者按就诊时间分为两组,各110例。对照组予以常规护理干预,观察组在此基础上实施以格林模式为指导的健康宣教,观察6个月,治疗后随访6个月统计复发率。干预前后采用医院自制尖锐湿疣患者健康知识调查问卷调查健康知识掌握情况,采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评定焦虑、抑郁情绪,采用医学应对问卷评定应对方式,采用一般自我效能感量表评定自我效能。干预后采用纽卡斯尔护理满意度量表评定护理满意度。结果干预后观察组尖锐湿疣患者健康知识调查问卷总分及尖锐湿疣疾病知识、自我保健知识评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01),焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。干预后观察组一般自我效能感量表评分及医学应对问卷的面对、自我效能评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01),回避、屈服评分显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),总满意率显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论以格林模式为指导的健康宣教能提高尖锐湿疣患者健康知识掌握度及自我效能水平,有效缓解其不良情绪,改变其应对方式,降低复发率,提高患者满意度。     

一位自杀博主遗言评论留言的主题分析

目的:描述社交媒体中负向情绪的表达,探讨其与浏览者自杀风险的关系。方法:选取抑郁症自杀者"走饭"遗言微博下的10582条留言,利用NVivo11 Pro软件,由1名资深社会工作者对留言进行理解,建立树状节点,根据留言所含情绪进行留言的编码分类,经由另1名社工进行复查,产生分歧的留言由心理咨询师进行裁定。利用N11软件词频分析功能,统计留言中高频出现的词语及其频率。结果:微博留言者中表述自己患有抑郁症者占9%;表达自杀意念者占14%;负向表达留言占77%。词频统计发现"想死"、"杀"、"死了"、"离开"、"自杀"为高频的自杀相关关键词。结论:高自杀风险者聚集在该微博留言区,大量表达负性情绪,可能通过情绪传染对浏览者自杀风险产生影响。     

情景模拟健康教育在晚期肺癌患者癌痛管理中的应用

目的 探讨情景模拟健康教育在晚期肺癌患者癌痛管理中的应用效果，旨在提高晚期肺癌患者提高癌痛应对和管理能力。方法 采用便利抽样法，选取2019年5月-2020年5月在同济大学附属上海市肺科医院肿瘤科住院的晚期肺癌患者60例为研究对象，按其住院时间先后顺序分为对照组（n=30）和观察组（n=30）。对照组患者给予肺癌常规护理及健康教育，观察组在其基础上给予情景模拟健康教育干预，主要围绕正确认识癌痛、癌痛自我评估、癌痛应对、躯体功能应对和负性心理情绪调试等展开。分别于患者入院第1天及第7天评估患者疼痛管理效能及情绪状况。结果 入院第1天，两组患者慢性疼痛自我效能感量表和中文版简式-简明心境问卷得分组间比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），入院第7天，组间比较有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论 情景模拟健康教育可有效提高晚期肺癌患者疼痛管理自我效能，改善患者负性心理情绪，进而提高其生活质量，值得临床进一步应用和推广。     

Insomnia does not affect heart rate changes when young adults watch humorous films: An exploratory study

Emotional reactivity in insomnia is affected both subjectively and on a physiological level for negative emotional material, but little is known about reactions to positive stimuli. We here investigated whether in younger adult insomnia patients, presentation of short humorous films would lead to heart rate decreases during and after film viewing, as compared to heart rate changes when falling asleep. Investigating 20 participants with DSM‐5‐diagnosed insomnia and 18 participants without insomnia, we found that heart rate decreased when falling asleep, increased when watching humorous films and returned to normal values afterwards for all participants. Film‐related heart rate increases were strongly related to humour ratings of the films. No differences were found between those with and without insomnia on subjective ratings of the films, film‐related heart rate changes or when falling asleep. We conclude that the experience of positive daily life stimuli in younger adults is not affected by insomnia in our study, despite insomnia having a known more profound effect on negative stimuli. Future studies exploring insomnia‐related autonomous nervous system responses combining different neurophysiological modalities should confirm our findings.     

Modular cis‐regulatory logic of yellow gene expression in silkmoth larvae

Colour patterns in butterflies and moths are crucial traits for adaptation. Previous investigations have highlighted genes responsible for pigmentation (ie yellow and ebony). However, the mechanisms by which these genes are regulated in lepidopteran insects remain poorly understood. To elucidate this, molecular studies involving dipterans have largely analysed the cis‐regulatory regions of pigmentation genes and have revealed cis‐regulatory modularity. Here, we used well‐developed transgenic techniques in Bombyx mori and demonstrated that cis‐regulatory modularity controls tissue‐specific expression of the yellow gene. We first identified which body parts are regulated by the yellow gene via black pigmentation. We then isolated three discrete regulatory elements driving tissue‐specific gene expression in three regions of B. mori larvae. Finally, we found that there is no apparent sequence conservation of cis‐regulatory regions between B. mori and Drosophila melanogaster, and no expression driven by the regulatory regions of one species when introduced into the other species. Therefore, the trans‐regulatory landscapes of the yellow gene differ significantly between the two taxa. The results of this study confirm that lepidopteran species use cis‐regulatory modules to control gene expression related to pigmentation, and represent a powerful cadre of transgenic tools for studying evolutionary developmental mechanisms.